This dataset contains compiled occurrence records for the 13 native rodent species identified as orthohantavirus reservoirs in Southern South America: Akodon azarae, A. montensis, Calomys laucha, C. fecundus, C. callosus, Necromys lasiurus, Holochilus chacarius, Oligoryzomys chacoensis, O. flavescens, O. longicaudatus, O. nigripes, O. occidentalis, and Scapteromys aquaticus. Sources included field surveys, scientific literature, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org/). References are included in the dataset. Several taxonomic decisions were applied to ensure the accuracy of the occurrence records included in this dataset. For Calomys laucha, we followed the revision by Teta et al. (2017) and excluded records from eastern Paraguay, where specimens likely correspond to C. tener. Records of Holochilus chacarius and H. balnearum were combined, as both morphological and molecular evidence support their treatment as a single species. For the Oligoryzomys flavescens species complex, we retained only genetically confirmed occurrences of O. flavescens sensu stricto from regions where multiple lineages occur in sympatry. In the Calomys callosus complex, we selected occurrences of C. callosus sensu stricto and C. fecundus that fall within convex hulls defined by genetically identified specimens, reflecting their absence of sympatry. Finally, we included records of Oligoryzomys occidentalis sensu Rivera et al. (2018), a lineage with a distinct evolutionary history that serves as the reservoir of the Bermejo genotype of Orthohantavirus.