Abstract: In the border regions of Turkana, Kenya, and Kapoeta, South Sudan, interethnicpastoralist communities utilize the diverse rangeland and montane ecosystems, Ilemi Triangleincluded for livestock production activities. Livestock traders have emerged, engaging in thebuying and selling of animals, particularly in cross-border trade, which faces policy andregulatory challenges from national and local governments. A study on entrepreneurship andcommerce at Nadapal cross-border livestock trade corridor aimed to assess the entrepreneurialcapacities of local traders, map trading activities in Lokichoggio and Narus areas, and identifythe challenges and opportunities in this trade. The research included 132 primary respondents(livestock traders) and 26 secondary respondents (from government and civil organizations)utilizing a survey methodology. The study reveals that livestock domestication is hamperingentrepreneurship and trade growth among the cross-border communities in the Horn of Africa.The pastoralists focus on livestock domestication restricts market-driven output, therebyundermining livestock trading as a viable business. Local traders lack the necessary businessskills and knowledge to expand and compete successfully in different market segments. Theprimary trading unions i.e., livestock marketing associations (LMAs), need better structure andorganization by integrating trained individuals and promoting gender inclusivity. Additionally,traders require training in market functionality, regulations, and cross-border relations toimprove trade efficiency. The study highlights the necessity for behavioral adaptations inlivestock farming and trading to mitigate risks such as disputes and theft that characterize thestudy area, alongside the development of innovative systems. Inadequate banking servicesfurther deter bulk transactions, impacting the safety and profitability of livestock trade.