This study explores the biodiversity and biochemical potential of the Lychnideae tribe in Southern Siberia. The region's flora, shaped by extreme environmental conditions, synthesizes unique biologically active compounds with potential therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Field studies, herbarium analysis, and literature reviews were conducted to assess species distribution, ecological characteristics, and secondary metabolites. Of the 44 species studied, 19 showed promising use potential, while five require conservation measures. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable resource utilization and biodiversity preservation in pharmacological research.