Read Me First Thanzi La Mawa (TLM) data public repository overview All files can be found here: https://github.com/HEPUMW/TLM-data-release/releases/tag/tlmdata_v1. This public repository contains the survey datasets for the Thanzi La Mawa (TLM) study. The datasets have been cleaned and processed so that no individual respondent can be identified. The datasets are being made available for reuse to contribute to public health so that the benefits of their collection can be extended beyond the immediate studies the data was collected for. TLM used a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach to collect data on healthcare worker productivity, patient experiences, facility resources, and care quality. The TLM datasets in this repository include information from 30 health facilities sampled across Malawi, covering facility audits, patient exit interviews, follow-ups, and a time and motion study, conducted from January to May 2024. Please see Nkhoma et al, for full details. The TLM facility survey utilized six inter-locking complementary data collection tools to capture comprehensive insights into healthcare service delivery. Tool 1, the Health Facility Audit, assessed the availability of critical resources, including human resources, equipment, and drugs. Tool 2, the Patient Exit Survey, gathered information on patient demographics, healthcare-seeking behaviour, and satisfaction with the services obtained. Tool 3, the Time and Motion Study, recorded minute-by-minute activities of health workers to measure time use. Tool 4, the Qualitative Interviews, explored healthcare workers' perspectives on resource challenges, service delivery, and motivation. Qualitative data is not included in the repository as it contains confidential information. Tool 5, was used to follow-up on patients two weeks after patient exit interviews to measure self-assessed health outcomes and subsequent healthcare use after their facility visit. Tool 6, was used to record opening and closing times of clinics in facilities as well as the number of healthcare workers and patients seen. There are 5 datasets in this repository, one each for Tool 1, Tool 2, Tool 3, Tool 5 and Tool 6 (Figure 1). Each of the 5 datasets in the repository is available as an Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file, with a name starting ('Data_TLM_Tool_'), which can be imported into R, Stata or other software for analysis. Please read the accompanying Read Me file (a Microsoft Word document (.docx) with a name starting ('Read Me – Tool ') for each dataset before using it. Each Read Me file contains details of the data included in the dataset, including a data dictionary table, and the cleaning that was done, including to ensure no respondent can be identified. The questionnaire used to collect the data in each dataset is also included in this repository, as a .pdf file with a name starting 'Questionnaire Data Collection Tool'). Please consult this questionnaire file, together with the data dictionary and this document and our overview paper (Nkhoma et al) to fully understand the data included in each dataset. The following peer-reviewed/pre-print papers have been published by the TLM team using the TLM datasets, and should also be consulted to further understand the data. Here we also include drafts in preparation, which will be pre-printed in the coming months. Tool 1 – Health Facility Audit: Facility operation costs: Mohan, S., T. D. Mangal, G. Manthalu, J. Mfutso-Bengo, M. Molaro, D. Nkhoma, B. She, W. Tafesse, P. D. Twea, S. Walker, M. Chalkley, T. Colbourn, T. B. Hallett, A. Phillips and P. Revill (2025). "Method for costing a health system using a Health Systems Model." medRxiv: 2025.2001.2022.25320881. Tool 2 – Patient Exit Survey: Collins, J. H., W. Tafesse, P. Chitsulo, T. B. Hallett, E. Janoušková, J. Mfutso-Bengo, E. Mnjowe, S. Mohan, W. Mulwafu, D. Nkhoma, B. She, M. Suarez and T. Colbourn (2025). "Healthcare service user-reported quality of care in Malawi: a national multi-facility cross-sectional study." medRxiv: 2025.2009.2010.25335306. Dominic Nkhoma & Precious Chitsulo, Pemphero Norah Mphamba, Joseph H Collins, Wiktoria Tafesse, Eva Janoušková, Emmanuel Mnjowe, Sakshi Mohan, Watipaso Mulwafu, Victor Mwapasa, Bingling She, Mariana Suarez, Timothy B Hallett, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, Tim Colbourn. Patient-Reported Travel Time, Costs, and Opportunity Costs of Attending Health Facilities in Malawi. Forthcoming. Tool 3 – Time and Motion Study – Activity Level: Tafesse, W., P. Chitsulo, B. She, J. H. Collins, M. Suarez, D. Nkhoma, L. Siciliani, M. Chalkley, S. Mohan, W. Mulwafu, E. Mnjowe, T. B. Hallett, J. Mfutso-Bengo and T. Colbourn (2025). "Ownership and Quality of Primary Care: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Faith-Based Providers in Malawi." medRxiv: 2025.2011.2018.25340538. Tool 3 – Time and Motion Study – Activity Level & Tool 6 – Time and Motion Study – Facility Level: Bingling She, Precious Chitsulo, Joseph H Collins, Watipaso Mulwafu, Emmanuel Mnjowe, Victor Mwapasa, Mariana Suarez, Sangeeta Bhatia, Tara D Mangal, Sakshi Mohan, Margherita Molaro, Pemphero Mphamba, Rachel E. Murray-Waston, Paul Revill, Andrew Phillips, Dominic Nkhoma, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, Timothy B Hallett, Wiktoria Tafesse, Tim Colbourn. Healthcare worker time use in Malawi: a time and motion study. Forthcoming. Please also see the website of our wider Thanzi La Onse health system modelling project, which this data was collected to inform: www.tlomodel.org