This dataset contains tree-level cover data for epiphytic lichens and bryophytes recorded on Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris across 28 Mediterranean pine stands in central Spain (14 mature forests and 14 reforestations). For each tree, species cover were assessed on four trunk sampling units (north/south orientation, base and breast height). The dataset supports the findings presented in the manuscript entitled “Beyond tree planting: The critical role of Mediterranean mature pine forests for epiphyte biodiversity”, currently submitted to Forest Ecology and Management. Data are provided in an Excel file with species as columns and trees as rows, including stand identifiers and forest type.