This scientific article investigates a step-by-step methodology for developing aerobic endurance through running training in athletes aged 18–25 engaged in track and field. The study analyzed the weekly dynamics of training loads, running speed, heart rate, lactate levels, and post-training recovery indicators. This article analyzes modern methods and training technologies aimed at developing physical endurance in students through long-distance running in track and field. Endurance is an important physical quality that determines a student’s overall health, the condition of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, mental stability, and general physical capacity. The advantages of gradually increasing running exercises, performing them in interval mode, and applying an individualized approach to improve the aerobic system are substantiated through scientific-statistical methods. The article consolidates theoretical and practical data on aerobic capacity, VO₂max, running economy, training periodization, and the adaptive processes of the athlete’s body. According to the study results, appropriately planned 12-week running sessions at 60–80% intensity below the anaerobic threshold significantly enhanced aerobic endurance.