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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
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SENSE & AVOID FÜR UNBEMANNTE LUFTFAHRZEUGE Technologische Bewertung und strategischer Entwicklungsrahmen für Sense & Avoid-Systeme in der zivilen Drohnenluftfahrt

Authors: Gerster, Yvonne; Niederl, Robin;

SENSE & AVOID FÜR UNBEMANNTE LUFTFAHRZEUGE Technologische Bewertung und strategischer Entwicklungsrahmen für Sense & Avoid-Systeme in der zivilen Drohnenluftfahrt

Abstract

Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert Anforderungen, technologische Reife und regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen von Sense & Avoid (S&A)-Systemen für unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles, UAVs) im zivilen Luftraum. Ausgangspunkt sind zwei Forschungsfragen: Inwieweit erfüllen derzeit verfügbare Sense & Avoid-Systeme die Anforderungen für einen sicheren, praxistauglichen Betrieb von UAVs und welche technologischen, operationellen und regulatorischen Voraussetzungen sind für eine zukünftige, flächendeckende Integration erforderlich?Auf Basis eines mehrstufigen methodischen Ansatzes – bestehend aus einer Online-Befragung von Stakeholdern, einer systematischen Technik- und Marktanalyse sowie einer Auswertung bestehender Standards und Vorfalldaten – werden typische Konfliktszenarien, Leistungsgrenzen kooperativer und nicht-kooperativer Systeme sowie strukturelle Barrieren identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Defizite bei Reichweite, Robustheit, Standardkonformität und operativer Nutzung, insbesondere bei nicht-kooperativen Technologien.Aufbauend auf den Befunden wird eine Roadmap entwickelt, die zentrale Schritte zur Bedarfsanalyse, Technologieentwicklung, Test- und Validierung sowie operativen Einführung beschreibt. Sie bietet einen strategischen Handlungsrahmen, um technologische, regulatorische und gesellschaftliche Aspekte zu verknüpfen und eine sichere, standardisierte Integration von UAVs in den zivilen Luftraum zu ermöglichen.Keywords: Sense & Avoid, UAV, BVLOS, kooperative Systeme, nicht-kooperative Systeme, TMPR, Standardisierung, Integration, Roadmap.

This study analyses the requirements, technological maturity and regulatory framework of Sense & Avoid (S&A) systems for Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operating in civil airspace. It addresses two research questions: to what extent current Sense & Avoid systems meet the requirements for safe and practical UAV operations, and which technological, operational and regulatory conditions are necessary for their future large-scale integration.Based on a multi-stage methodological approach – including an online stakeholder survey, a systematic technology and market analysis, and an evaluation of existing standards and incident data – typical conflict scenarios, performance limitations of cooperative and non-cooperative systems, and structural barriers are identified. The findings highlight significant gaps in detection range, robustness, standard compliance and operational use, particularly for non-cooperative technologies.Building on these results, a roadmap is developed that outlines key steps for needs assessment, technology development, testing & validation, and operational deployment. It provides a strategic framework to align technological, regulatory and societal aspects and to enable the safe, standardised integration of UAVs into civil airspace.Keywords: Sense & Avoid, UAV, BVLOS, cooperative systems, non-cooperative systems, TMPR, standardisation, integration, roadmap.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green