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ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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THE ART OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A SYNTHESIS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD'S MODEL, THE COMBAT MODEL, AND MANUNGGALING KAWULA GUSTI

Authors: Hery Agung Setyawan1*, Tutuk Ningsih2;

THE ART OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A SYNTHESIS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD'S MODEL, THE COMBAT MODEL, AND MANUNGGALING KAWULA GUSTI

Abstract

Global challenges and the growing complexity of national education issues demand leaders who are not only managerially competent but also possess moral integrity, strategic resilience, and a humanistic orientation. This article seeks to propose a synthesized model of educational leadership that integrates Islamic spiritual values, modern strategic approaches, and Javanese local wisdom. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative–descriptive approach. The data were analyzed using content analysis and comparative techniques applied to primary and secondary sources concerning the Leadership Model of Prophet Muhammad SAW, Cohen’s Combat Model, and the Javanese philosophy of Manunggaling Kawula Gusti. The study results in a holistic synthesis of educational leadership. The Prophet Muhammad SAW Model provides the foundation for character and ethics. The Combat Model offers a strategic and action-oriented framework, while the Manunggaling Kawula Gusti philosophy serves as the spiritual essence that nurtures harmony and collegiality. Together, these three models form an ideal educational leader—one who possesses the heart of the Prophet (noble in character), the mind of Combat (strategic and innovative), and the soul of Manunggaling (humanistic and harmonious). The synthesis of these models offers a fresh and contextualized perspective on educational leadership development in Indonesia. It is recommended that school principal training programs incorporate these three dimensions in a balanced manner to cultivate leaders who are not only operationally effective but also transformative and grounded in character.

Keywords

Educational Leadership, Prophet Muhammad SAW, Combat Model, Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, Model Synthesis, School Principals

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green