This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and practice of psychologists, a topic of recognized vulnerability yet seldom addressed in the literature. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review of recognized scientific databases. The results confirm the severe impact on the mental health of these professionals, with stressors linked to emotional and work overload, the abrupt migration to virtual formats, and a lack of institutional support, which led to psychological distress. The discussion highlights the particular vulnerability of minorities and the structural inequalities exposed by the crisis.