This study examines the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches of cardiovascular diseases. It highlights the complex mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, hypertension, and lipid metabolism disorders, as well as the role of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors in disease development. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive medical management, and preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification and public health interventions. Findings suggest that integrated approaches combining pharmacological therapy, interventional procedures, and preventive measures significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.