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La experiencia romana: arquitectos españoles en la Italia fascista

L'esperienza romana: architetti spagnoli nell'Italia fascista
Authors: MUÑOZ FERNANDEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER;

La experiencia romana: arquitectos españoles en la Italia fascista

Abstract

[ESP] El viaje a Italia siguió siendo una referencia para muchos arquitectos de la Europa de entreguerras, aunque otros destinos como Alemania, Francia o los Países Bajos cobraron mayor interés. Los arquitectos viajaron al país mediterráneo como complemento formativo, de conocimiento y de experiencia directa de un vasto panorama artístico y cultural que llegaba hasta la época más reciente. Italia ofrecía, como una mano abierta, los caminos de la antigüedad, el clasicismo, la importancia de la restauración. A todo ello se sumó la tradición popular, y diferentes lecturas sobre la modernidad de la mano de Giuseppe Terragni, Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini, Gio Ponti, Giuseppe Pagano, Aldaberto Libera, Luigi Moretti, Enrico del Debbio o Marcelo Piacentini, aunque su presencia fue secundaria en las publicaciones profesionales en España. Por lo que los arquitectos españoles estuvieron abiertos a una confluencia híbrida de múltiples matices: conformada por su formación, - donde Italia era un centro obligado -, la tradición arquitectónica de su lugar de origen y las experiencias de aquellos lugares que visitaron. Varios arquitectos acudieron a Italia durante los años que duró la dictadura de Mussolini, entre 1922 y 1944. Algunos de ellos estuvieron vinculados a la Academia de España en Roma, fundada en 1873, lo que les permitió realizar estancias prolongadas y, siguiendo la normativa de la Academia, visitar diferentes países, realizar proyectos arquitectónicos y de restauración. Así sucedió con Emilio Moya, Fernando García Mercadal, Adolfo Blanco, Marino Rodríguez Orgaz o José Ignacio Hervada. Mientras que otros arquitectos realizaron viajes más cortos, tal fue el caso de Víctor Eusa, Leopoldo Torres Balbás, Josep Torres Clavé, Sixte Illescas, Josep María Sert, José Manuel Aizpurua o Francisco de Asís Cabrero, entre otros, ya que ellas no tuvieron acceso a la profesión. El viaje a Italia fue, en suma, un complemento importante en su formación en un período convulso y repleto de cambios, que enfrentó a los arquitectos a una realidad repleta de pliegues y contribuyó a su desarrollo profesional en la arquitectura, la restauración o la docencia. [ENG] Italy remained a point of reference for many architects in interwar Europe, although other destinations such as Germany, France, or the Netherlands attracted increasing interest. Architects traveled to the Mediterranean country as a formative complement, seeking knowledge and first-hand experience of a vast artistic and cultural panorama that extended into the most recent period. Italy offered, like an open hand, the paths of antiquity, classicism, and the importance of restoration. Added to this were vernacular traditions and various interpretations of modernity associated with figures such as Giuseppe Terragni, Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini, Gio Ponti, Giuseppe Pagano, Adalberto Libera, Luigi Moretti, Enrico del Debbio, and Marcello Piacentini, although their presence in professional publications in Spain was secondary. Consequently, Spanish architects remained open to a hybrid confluence of multiple nuances shaped by their training, —where Italy constituted an essential centre—, the architectural traditions of their place of origin, and the experiences of the places they visited. Several architects travelled to Italy during the years of Mussolini’s dictatorship, between 1922 and 1944. Some were linked to the Spanish Academy in Rome, founded in 1873, which enabled them to undertake extended stays and, in accordance with the Academy’s regulations, to visit various countries and carry out architectural and restoration projects. This was the case for Emilio Moya, Fernando García Mercadal, Adolfo Blanco, Marino Rodríguez Orgaz, and José Ignacio Hervada. Meanwhile, other architects made shorter trips, such as Víctor Eusa, Leopoldo Torres Balbás, Josep Torres Clavé, Sixte Illescas, Josep Maria Sert, José Manuel Aizpurua, or Francisco de Asís Cabrero. The journey to Italy was, in sum, an important complement to their training during a turbulent period marked by profound change, one that confronted architects with a complex reality and contributed to their professional development in architecture, restoration, and teaching.

Keywords

Italy, architects, Spain, Architecture, Modern Movement, FOS: Civil engineering

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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