The Discrete Cosmology Model (DCM) reformulates gravitation and cosmic dynamics by introducing a causal description of mass. Every mass is treated as a finite-sized domain whose internal interactions propagate at finite speed. Because the forces that maintain a body’s shape and volume are not instantaneous, relativistic delays occur within the mass itself. In this framework, matter co-expands with space, and the local expansion speed is intrinsically relativistic rather than restricted to the low-velocity Hubble rate. The internal time lags distort the equilibrium geometry: regions experiencing shorter interaction delays expand into more-delayed regions, generating a net expansion-delay gradient that manifests macroscopically as gravity. The same principle applies across scales—from quantized particles to galaxies—providing a unified explanation for gravitational attraction, galactic rotation, and cosmological redshift offering an alternative to dark-matter–dependent descriptions by attributing the same effects to finite-speed, delay-driven mechanics. At the particle level, expansion and rotation (spin) cannot occur simultaneously at the relativistic limit; their discrete alternation produces quantized delay steps that define the energy states of matter. On larger scales, the cumulative gradients of these finite-speed interactions govern the curvature and apparent acceleration of the Universe. A core DCM prediction, equating electromagnetic and gravitational dilations, is empirically supported by seismic wave velocities on Earth, Mars, and the Moon, which align with escape velocities. By linking mass geometry, finite propagation speed, and delay-driven scaling, the DCM offers a testable causal framework for gravitation and cosmology.

The microphysical implications of DCM—extending the delay-mechanics framework to lepton magnetic moments and Compton-scale scattering—are discussed in Appendix H.5. The Falsifiability section related to Solar wind updated on the last page.