This article examines the linguistic and cultural specificity of English and Uzbek toponyms through a comparative perspective. The study highlights the historical, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors that have shaped place-names in both languages, revealing how toponyms reflect national identity, cultural memory, and worldview. Special attention is given to the semantic layers of toponyms, their etymological origins, phonetic and morphological structures, and the symbolic meanings embedded within them. By comparing English and Uzbek naming principles, the research identifies common patterns as well as distinctive cultural features that influence the formation and interpretation of geographic names. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural linguistics, onomastics, translation studies, and intercultural communication, emphasizing the role of toponyms as carriers of cultural heritage.