Climate change is no longer a distant environmental concern—it is a pressing legal, human rights, and developmental issue. In India, the effects of climate change disproportionately impact certain regions due to ecological fragility and social vulnerability. The Indian Constitution contains several provisions mandating environmental protection and equitable development, yet their practical enforcement remains inconsistent. This study explores the constitutional framework and legal responsibilities related to climate governance in India, focusing on the realities faced by climate-vulnerable regions. Through legal analysis, regional case studies, and review of policy implementation, the paper highlights the urgent need for region-specific climate adaptation strategies grounded in constitutional principles and environmental justice.