The tourism and hospitality industry faces significant challenges in human resource management (HRM), primarily due to high employee turnover rates. This turnover is largely attributed to the demanding nature of the jobs, which often require long hours, including weekends and holidays, leading to mental and physical exhaustion among workers. As a result, many employees seek new opportunities, exacerbating the stress for those who remain and complicating the formation of skilled teams. Moreover, the industry faces challenges in finding the right talent, as employees must possess a unique blend of exceptional customer service skills and technical expertise, both of which are continuously evolving with shifting consumer demands and technological advancements. Unfortunately, many businesses are limited by financial constraints, restricting their ability to invest in comprehensive training programs and making it difficult to keep up with these rapid changes. Another critical challenge is the management of a diverse workforce. While diversity can enhance guest experiences by bringing in varied perspectives, it also introduces complexities such as communication barriers and cultural differences that can hinder teamwork . To effectively manage these diverse teams, organisations must implement inclusivity and cultural competence training, ensuring that all employees feel respected and supported. The seasonal nature of employment in tourism and hospitality further complicates HRM. Fluctuations in demand lead to instability, with businesses frequently hiring and laying off staff, which disrupts workforce consistency and can lead to burnout during peak seasons. To mitigate these issues, companies can offer flexible year-round positions and cross-train employees for various roles, thereby maintaining a core team supplemented by seasonal workers. Additionally, the rapid integration of technology into HR processes presents both opportunities and challenges. While technology can streamline operations and enhance customer experiences, it requires employees to adapt quickly, which can be particularly challenging for those who are not tech-savvy . HRM must focus on providing adequate training and support to help employees navigate these technological changes while ensuring that the personal touch essential to hospitality is not lost. Addressing these HRM challenges is crucial for the tourism and hospitality industry to thrive. By fostering a supportive work environment, investing in employee training, and embracing diversity, organisations can enhance employee satisfaction and retention, ultimately leading to improved service quality and organisational success.