
En las zonas áridas y semiáridas del centro-norte de México, la recolección de insectos comestibles, como la hormiga escamolera, el gusano rojo y el gusano blanco, ha jugado un papel esencial, tanto económica como nutricionalmente, para las comunidades rurales. Sin embargo, la extracción excesiva y la falta de normativas adecuadas para su aprovechamiento han llevado a la disminución de las poblaciones de estas especies, lo que ha generado preocupación por la alteración de sus hábitats naturales. Este estudio, dividido en dos capítulos, aborda la situación actual desde una perspectiva socioeconómica, ambiental y de manejo estratégico de estos recursos. En el primer capítulo se analiza la visión de los actores clave sobre la recolección de insectos comestibles, se utilizaron entrevistas y herramientas estadísticas, como el análisis de componentes principales y el análisis de clústeres, para identificar los principales factores que afectan a esta actividad. Con base a los resultados se refuerza la necesidad de adoptar iniciativas que promuevan el manejo adecuado y el desarrollo rural sostenible, valorizando la importancia cultural y económica de estos insectos. En el segundo capítulo se enfatizan las limitantes que enfrenta esta actividad, revelando los principales retos para garantizar su sostenibilidad. Mediante entrevistas y un foro participativo con actores clave, se identificaron estrategias de manejo y conservación, tales como la mejora en las prácticas de recolección, fortalecimiento de la regulación, colaboración entre los involucrados e implementación de mecanismos de control efectivos. Con estos resultados se subraya la importancia de la capacitación, el monitoreo constante y el aprovechamiento responsable para asegurar la viabilidad a largo plazo de estas especies.
In the arid and semi-arid regions of north-central Mexico, the harvesting of edible insects such as escamolera ants, red worms, and white worms has played a crucial role both economically and nutritionally for rural communities. However, excessive extraction and the lack of appropriate regulations have led to a decline in the populations of these species, raising concerns about the alteration of their natural habitats. This study, divided into two chapters, addresses the current situation from a socioeconomic, environmental, and strategic management perspective of these resources. The first chapter analyzes the perspective of key stakeholders regarding the activity of edible insect harvesting, using interviews and statistical tools such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify the main factors affecting this practice. The findings highlight the need for initiatives that promote proper management and sustainable rural development, emphasizing the cultural and economic significance of these insects. The second chapter emphasizes the limitations that this activity faces, revealing the main challenges to guarantee its sustainability. Through interviews and a participatory forum with key stakeholders, management and conservation strategies were identified, such as improving harvesting practices, strengthening regulations, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and implementing effective control mechanisms. These results indicate the importance of training and constant monitoring to ensure the future viability of these species and their responsible utilization
Edible Insects/economics, Environmental sustainability, Rural development, Resource conservation, Rural communities, Liometopum apiculatum
Edible Insects/economics, Environmental sustainability, Rural development, Resource conservation, Rural communities, Liometopum apiculatum
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