Recent advances in polymer technology have reformed Sustained release drug delivery system enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Polymers play a significant part in Sustained release drug delivery system by regulating drug release, improving stability, and also target specific site of action. This overview highlights the utilization of both synthetic and natural polymers including biodegradable choices that aid personalise drug release profiles. Innovations such as advanced polymers that responds to environmental stimuli and incorporation of nanotechnology have developed multifunctional delivery systems. Recent developments in polymer-based sustained release drug delivery, featuring novel polymeric materials, formulation techniques and their exertion in modern drug delivery are discussed. Continuous research is essential to confront challenges related to biocompatibility and scalability, making more viable and patient friendly mechanisms for delivering drugs.