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ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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AVALIANDO AS VARIAÇÕES DO DIÂMETRO FORAMINAL DE DENTES PERMANENTES NA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PARA INSTRUMENTAÇÃO DO TERÇO APICAL – UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Assessing Variations in the Foramen Diameter of Permanent Teeth in the Brazilian Population for Apical Third Instrumentation – A Literature Review
Authors: Oliveira, Arthur Leonel; Cunha Silveira, João Vitor; Soares Pereira, Flávia; Oliveira, Amanda Raquel de; Menezes Dias, Heitor; NASCIMENTO, FERNANDO; Pereira, Leonardo;

AVALIANDO AS VARIAÇÕES DO DIÂMETRO FORAMINAL DE DENTES PERMANENTES NA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PARA INSTRUMENTAÇÃO DO TERÇO APICAL – UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar as variações do diâmetro foraminal de dentes permanentes na população brasileira e discutir sua importância clínica para o planejamento da instrumentação do terço apical na terapia endodôntica. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, EBSCO e Google Acadêmico. A busca utilizou descritores em português e inglês relacionados à anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares, diâmetro foraminal e instrumentação apical. Foram incluídos estudos que apresentavam medidas anatômicas de dentes permanentes provenientes de indivíduos brasileiros. Pesquisas com populações estrangeiras, artigos pagos e estudos que não abordassem diretamente o tema foram excluídos. Além disso, ferramentas digitais como Consensus, Perplexity e Connected Papers foram utilizadas para ampliar a identificação de estudos relevantes. Resultados: Os estudos analisados demonstraram grande variabilidade no diâmetro foraminal entre diferentes grupos dentários, gêneros e faixas etárias da população brasileira. Trabalhos utilizando Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) e Microtomografia Computadorizada evidenciaram que o diâmetro mésio-distal a 1 mm do ápice frequentemente é inferior ao vestíbulo-lingual, reforçando a dificuldade de alcançar uma instrumentação completa devido ao formato ovalado da região apical. Pesquisas clínicas também mostraram que a determinação da lima inicial costuma subestimar o diâmetro real, podendo resultar em subinstrumentação. Além disso, a prevalência elevada de ramificações apicais e variações morfológicas contribui para o aumento do risco de insucesso quando não identificadas previamente. Conclusão: O diâmetro foraminal apresenta significativa variabilidade anatômica na população brasileira, exigindo individualização da técnica de instrumentação. O conhecimento detalhado da morfologia apical auxilia na seleção adequada da lima inicial, no estabelecimento do limite de instrumentação e na redução de áreas não tocadas. Embora a instrumentação mecânica isolada seja insuficiente no terço apical devido à sua complexa anatomia, a associação com irrigação eficiente e medicação intracanal melhora a desinfecção e aumenta a previsibilidade clínica da terapia endodôntica.

Objective: To evaluate the variations in the apical foramen diameter of permanent teeth in the Brazilian population and to discuss its clinical relevance for planning apical third instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, EBSCO, and Google Scholar search engine. The search included Portuguese and English descriptors related to root canal anatomy, apical foramen diameter, and apical instrumentation. Studies reporting anatomical measurements of permanent teeth from Brazilian individuals were included. Exclusion criteria comprised articles involving non-Brazilian populations, paid studies, and those not directly addressing the topic. Digital scientific tools such as Consensus, Perplexity, and Connected Papers were also used to refine and expand the selection of relevant studies. Results: The reviewed studies showed substantial variability in foramen diameter among different tooth groups, genders, and age ranges in the Brazilian population. Research using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Micro-CT demonstrated that the mesiodistal diameter at 1 mm from the apex is often smaller than the buccolingual diameter, highlighting the difficulty in achieving complete instrumentation due to the apical region’s frequent oval morphology. Clinical investigations indicated that the initial apical file often underestimates the true diameter, increasing the likelihood of underinstrumentation. Furthermore, the high prevalence of apical ramifications and morphological variations contributes to persistent contamination when not properly identified. Conclusion: The apical foramen diameter presents considerable anatomical variability in the Brazilian population, making individualized instrumentation essential. Detailed understanding of apical morphology supports proper selection of the initial file, adequate extension of preparation, and reduction of untouched canal walls. Although mechanical instrumentation alone is insufficient in the apical third due to its complex anatomy, the association with effective irrigation and intracanal medication enhances disinfection and improves clinical predictability in endodontic treatment.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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