Source Data: Closing Gaps in Emissions Monitoring with Climate TRACE Here, we provide two datasets and the R code that support the findings within the discussion section of our paper titled "Closing Gaps in Emissions Monitoring with Climate TRACE ". The paper assesses the current landscape of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions datasets along key dataset characteristics and reveals several limitations. These limitations motivate the development of the Climate TRACE dataset, which we introduce by evaluating it along the dataset characteristics. Both datasets are provided in .csv format and originate from the Climate TRACE dataset. Detailed descriptions of the methodologies used to estimate GHG emissions are available here. "city_level_annual_ghg.csv" provides annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions totals for 2010-2024 for 500 cities around the world, along with their population and gross domestic product (GDP). The data were used to assess changes in annual emissions over time and whether GDP impacts these trends. See column name descriptions below. Column name Description Units iso3_country country code NA gdp_year year for which GDP is provided NA gdp_value (billions) GDP billions of dollars population_year year for which population is provided NA population_value population people db_city_name city name NA gdp_per_capita GDP/population billions of dollars/person city_id unique city ID NA 21_total_emissions total GHG emissions for 2021 100 yr CO2e 24_total_emissions total GHG emissions for 2024 100 yr CO2e 24_21_change_total absolute change in GHG emissions from 2021 to 2024 100 yr CO2e rel.percent_change relative percent change in GHG emissions from 2021 to 2024 % GDP_group GDP category Natural breaks was used to assign a GDP category (high/low) to each country and year "ghg_timeseries_by_annex" provides annual emissions totals for Annex-1 (developed) versus non-Annex-1 (developing) countries 2015 to 2024. The data were used to investigate temporal emissions trends and whether UNFCCC status influences them. See column name descriptions below. Column name Description Units Year Year for which annual emissions total is provided NA Annex1 annual GHG emissions total for all Annex-1 countries 100 ye CO2e Non-Annex1 annual GHG emissions total for all Annex-1 countries 100 ye CO2e