Leadership in educational institutions plays a vital role in shaping teacher performance, instructional quality, and overall school effectiveness. This paper reviews existing literature on the various leadership styles employed by school administrators and their impact on teacher motivation, professional growth, and job performance. Drawing from both international and Philippine-based studies, it explores key leadership frameworks—transformational, transactional, instructional, servant, distributed, and emotionally intelligent leadership—and their influence on educational outcomes. Transformational leadership enhances teacher motivation and commitment through vision and inspiration, while instructional leadership improves pedagogical practices through effective supervision, feedback, and curriculum alignment. Servant and distributed leadership foster collaboration, trust, and shared accountability, reflecting Filipino cultural values such as pakikisama (camaraderie) and bayanihan (community cooperation). Meanwhile, emotionally intelligent leadership strengthens empathy and resilience, promoting positive school climates and reducing teacher burnout. Findings indicate that leadership effectiveness depends on how well leadership styles align with school context and organizational culture. Although transactional leadership ensures stability and policy adherence, excessive reliance may hinder creativity and intrinsic motivation. The review concludes that effective school leadership integrates vision, empathy, structure, and collaboration to cultivate sustained teacher excellence. Leadership becomes most impactful when it empowers teachers as co-leaders rather than subordinates. Future research should focus on context-specific and longitudinal studies to further explain how leadership behaviors influence teacher outcomes. Ultimately, adaptive and human-centered leadership remains essential for promoting teacher effectiveness and advancing educational quality in both global and Philippine settings