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ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Dimension and Space as Emergent Properties of Distance in a Cause-Effect Model of the Emergence of Time

Authors: Anes Palma; An M. Rodriguez;

Dimension and Space as Emergent Properties of Distance in a Cause-Effect Model of the Emergence of Time

Abstract

We extend a previously introduced framework in which time and distance arise from internal causal relations within a single stable Node. In this work we clarify that no metric, geometric structure, or fixed dimensionality is assumed at the fundamental level. The Node is an abstract collection of subnodes linked by causal influence, and any notion of "space" arises only from the distances induced by causal chains. We show that observers may assign an effective spatial dimension whenever these causal distances can be approximately embedded into a D-dimensional space with low distortion. Crucially, no particular dimension D is preferred or fundamental: the same causal structure may support multiple effective dimensional interpretations, and the true underlying dimensionality is undefined. This liberates spatial dimension from preconceived geometric constraints and treats it as an emergent, observer-dependent property of causal relations rather than a fixed feature of spacetime.

Dimension and space emerge from causal distances inside a single stable Node, via approximate metric embeddings.

Keywords

relational physics, dimension, emergent spacetime, causal sets, metric structure, embeddings

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green