Coherent Observational Epistemology (COE) introduces a methodological framework for understanding how heterogeneous observational sequences can jointly support scientific inference. Modern scientific practice increasingly relies on distributed measurement infrastructures—astronomical networks, climate observatories, particle detectors, and biomedical laboratories—yet the structural assumptions behind multi-local data integration often remain unexamined. This work formulates: Foundational principles of observation, fixation, ordering, and fact construction. Secondary methodological principles governing operational constraints and documentation. A formal axiomatic system specifying the structural conditions required for inter-local coherence. COE does not propose a new physical theory but clarifies the epistemological architecture that underlies cross-local evidential synthesis. The framework aims to support more transparent, robust, and accountable scientific inference in a distributed observational environment.