Accounting and financial reporting transparency in central banks helps to promote and sustain a culture of accountability, ensure financial soundness, and inspire public confidence. This study has utilised contemporary literature conducted between 2000 and 2023 from multiple academic and institutional sources, including EconLit, JSTOR, NBER, and Business Source Complete. Defined inclusion-exclusion criteria structured the search to retrieve peer- reviewed articles, working papers, and institutional reports discussing transparency practices in central banking that were synthesized thematically to evolve an understanding of the stringency or otherwise of various transparency frameworks adopted by central banks globally — for example, increased financial disclosures by the Federal Reserve; integrated reporting initiatives by the European Central Bank; policy transparency guidelines under the Bank of Japan. Empirical results suggest that transparency reduces interest rate volatility, enhances market confidence, and decreases the likelihood of financial crises. However, challenges relating to technical complexity, confidentiality issues, and political interference hinder the effective implementation of transparency. Key areas for future research are also highlighted in this article to examine the effects that technological innovation, globalisation, and evolving regulatory frameworks have on central bank transparency.