Natural resources are the basis of human life and economic development, providing energy, raw materials and environmental sustainability. However, due to the growth of the population and the expansion of industry, the demand for these resources has increased, leading to their depletion and environmental pollution. This study reviews information on the main types of natural resources and the processes associated with their use in modern society, dividing them into renewable and non-renewable forms. It also examines how unsustainable practices affect ecosystems and the climate, emphasizing the need for rational management and environmental protection. Today, by combining sustainable technologies, environmental policies and responsible consumption, humanity can ensure that the use of resources supports current and future generations without disrupting the natural balance of the environment.