Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have gained extensive attention in automotive, aerospace, marine, and structural industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and design flexibility. Understanding their mechanical behavior under tensile loading is essential for predicting service performance and ensuring safe application in engineering structures. This study investigates the tensile behavior of FRP composites fabricated using different fiber reinforcements—including glass fiber, carbon fiber, and jute fiber—embedded in an epoxy matrix. Composite specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up method followed by compression curing. Tensile tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D3039 to evaluate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation behavior, and failure characteristics. Experimental results revealed that carbon fiber composites exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus due to superior fiber stiffness, whereas glass fiber composites demonstrated balanced strength and ductility. Jute fiber composites, though having lower strength, showed notable energy absorption and sustainable material characteristics. The study emphasizes the relationship between fiber type, interfacial bonding, fabrication quality, and tensile performance, providing valuable insights for selecting appropriate composite materials in load-bearing applications.