This research study examines the contemporary architecture of non-proliferation and arms-control, focusing on the strategic, technological, and institutional dimensions of CBRN security. It analyzes the foundational international treaties (NPT, CWC, BWC), the verification mechanisms, the evolving landscape of CBRN threats, and the role of AI, hypersonics, unmanned systems, cyber operations, and space-based capabilities in reshaping global stability. The study evaluates the European Union’s strategic framework on non-proliferation, the dual-use export-control regime, cooperation with IAEA/OPCW/CTBTO, and the geopolitical significance of the Eastern Mediterranean. Special emphasis is placed on Greece as a regional pillar of stability. The author, Georgios Papasimakis, holds both the Basic and Comprehensive Certificates from the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium, providing authoritative insight and academic grounding. This document is the full research version prepared for academic distribution and citation, and is simultaneously hosted on ereunitiko.com and Academia.edu.