Current evidence indicates that allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by a Th2-type immune response imbalance and increased IgE production. Its development is determined by the combined effects of hereditary factors and environmental allergens. The involvement of cellular and molecular mediators, along with epigenetic and microbiome-related mechanisms, makes the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis complex and multifactorial. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies for this condition.