Juvenile and youth justice systems around the world have increasingly recognized the need for a rehabilitative and preventive approach rather than a punitive one. While sociological, psychological, and legal dimensions of delinquency have been widely discussed, the intersection between juvenile justice and pharmaceutical sciences remains underexplored. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by analyzing the relationship between pharmacology, juvenile justice, and social defence. It examines the role of pharmacists and pharmacological interventions in preventing juvenile delinquency, managing children in conflict with the law, and supporting rehabilitation and reintegration. The paper discusses the provisions of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (amended 2021) and related institutional structures such as the Juvenile Justice Board, Child Welfare Committee, Observation Homes, Special Homes, and Juvenile Aftercare Services. It explores how pharmacists and medical officers can contribute to ensuring proper medication management, addressing substance abuse, and promoting mental health among children in conflict with the law. Drawing upon international instruments such as the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules, 1985) and the UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines, 1990), the study highlights the global emphasis on child rights, prevention, and rehabilitation. The paper further analyzes issues like truancy, vagrancy, youth crimes, and substance abuse through a pharmacological lens. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of including pharmacists in juvenile justice mechanisms, promoting pharmacovigilance, and ensuring a holistic health-based approach to juvenile rehabilitation.