
Il bilancio idrico rispecchia le caratteristiche dei bacini imbriferi e offre una panoramica delle risorse idriche a disposizione. Esso si compone delle precipitazioni regionali (P), dei deflussi regionali (R), dell’evapotraspirazione regionale (E) e della variazione di riserva (δS). In situazioni idrogeologiche particolari, essenzialmente nelle regioni carsiche, occorre considerare anche gli afflussi e i deflussi sotterranei (I). Un approccio di tipo spaziale al problema del bilancio idrico è quanto costituisce l’oggetto della presente tavola, in vista di uno studio dettagliato della disponibilità idrica in Svizzera.
Le bilan hydrique décrit les caractéristiques hydrologiques des bassins versants et donne une vue d’ensemble des ressources en eau disponibles. Il se compose des éléments suivants: précipitations régionales (P), écoulement régional (R), évaporation régionale (E) et variation des réserves (δS). Dans certaines conditions hydrogéologiques, en particulier dans les régions karstiques, il faut encore tenir compte des apports et des écoulements souterrains naturels (I). Le but de cette planche est d’analyser en détail les ressources en eau de Suisse grâce à une étude du bilan hydrique différenciée dans l’espace.
Der Wasserhaushalt beschreibt die hydrologische Charakteristik der Einzugsgebiete und gibt einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Wasserressourcen. Er besteht aus den Komponenten Gebietsniederschlag (P), Gebietsabfluss (R), Gebietsverdunstung (E) und Speicheränderung (δS). Bei besonderen hydrogeologischen Verhältnissen – insbesondere in Karstgebieten – sind auch die natürlichen unterirdischen Zu- und Wegflüsse (I) zu berücksichtigen. Eine räumlich differenzierte Betrachtung des Wasserhaushaltes erlaubt es, das Wasserdargebot der Schweiz im Detail zu analysieren.
The water balance describes the hydrological character of the catchments and provides an overview of available water resources. Its components are areal precipitation (P), areal runoff (R), areal evaporation (E) and change in water storage (δS). Under particular hydrogeological conditions, in particular in karst areas, natural underground inflow and outflow (I) must also be taken into account. A spatially differentiated approach to the water balance makes it possible to carry out a detailed analysis of water resources in Switzerland.
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