Abstract Introduction: Gallstones are a common digestive disorder that significantly affects quality of life and healthcare costs. Their occurrence is influenced by age, gender, lifestyle, genetic, and economic factors. In Khost Province, Afghanistan, research on this topic is limited. This study aimed to determine the Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of among adults patients in Khost Province. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted during 1403. A total of 200 gallstone patients from various districts of Khost Province were included. Data were collected using questionnaires and clinical assessments and analyzed statistically. Results: Among participants, 107 (53.5%) were female and 93 (46.5%) were male. The most represented age group was 41–50 years (93) 46.5%. Regarding marital status, 193 (96.5%) were married and only 7 (3.5%) were single. Professionally, most were housewife (86, 43%), followed by formers (38, 19%) and teachers (29, 14.5%). Residence distribution showed 140 (70%) rural and 60 (30%) urban. Economically, 108 (54%) were low-income, 77 (38.5%) middle-income, 14 (7%) high-income, and 1 (0.5%) had a good economic status. Family history of gallstones was reported in 115 (57.5%). Conclusion: The study indicates that female gender, middle age (41–50 years), being married, having a positive family history, and living in rural areas are key factors associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation. These findings highlight the influence of demographic and hereditary factors on the prevalence of gallstones and suggest the need for targeted preventive measures in high-risk populations.