The article analyzes the presence of East Slavic peoples in the territory of Turkestan in the first half of the 20th century and their interaction with local peoples. The specific social, political and economic impact of Slavic peoples, their role in introducing changes to Turkestan society, as well as the roots of their integration, migration and contradictions with local peoples are studied. During the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, relations, cultural integration, economic and political influence of East Slavic peoples with neighboring territories developed at a high level, leaving an imprint on the socio-economic structure of Turkestan society. The article first of all provides a detailed analysis of the processes of Slavization of the territory of Turkestan, their mutual integration and contradictions.