Global annual layers of cattle density at 1-km spatial resolution convering the period of 2000–2022. The layers were produced using harmonized and used as reference data (55,336 census polygons and 313,604 individual data entries), random forest predictive models and a large stack of multi-source harmonized gridded/raster spatial layers (128 individual raster spatial layers harmonized at 1 km spatial resolution). Pixels values represent heads km-square including: Mean predicted values (_m_) Upper prediction interval based on 97.5th percentiles (_p.975_) Lower prediction interval based on 2.5th percentiles (_p.025_) Based on 95% probability quantiles, prediction intervals are relatively wide; therefore, for a more effective use, we recommend converting them to standard deviation by dividing the range (p.975 - p.025) by four. Raw/Uncalibrated headcounts are also provided and were computed by multiplying the density values by the actual area of potential land for livestock production. Related resources Maps of livestock headcount for 2000—2022 (FAOSTAT-adjusted):All animals (Part-1) All animals (Part-2) Maps of livestock density for 2000—2022 (including 95% prediction interval):Cattle Goats Sheep Horses Buffaloes Livestock reference census data (2000–2022):CSV and GeoPackage files Maps potential land for livestock production for 2000—2022 (including production systems)Raster files Data catalogues:OpenLandMap STAC Google Earth Engine