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ZENODO
Report . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Report . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Report . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Report . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Report . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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When Time Isn't on Your Side: Unpaid Work and the Free-Time Gender Gap in California

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 14 Oct 2025Publisher:Zenodo
Authors: Glynn, Sarah Jane; Cohen, Nancy L.; Vega Varela, Natalia;

doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17252684 , 10.5281/zenodo.17469152 , 10.5281/zenodo.17252685

When Time Isn't on Your Side: Unpaid Work and the Free-Time Gender Gap in California

Abstract

When Time Isn’t on Your Side: Unpaid Work and the Free-Time Gender Gap in California examines how California adults divide their time between work, unpaid childcare and household work, free time, and all other activities. Analyzing American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data from 2021 through 2024, we find that women spend significantly more time than men taking care of children and doing housework like cooking, cleaning, and grocery shopping. Moreover, women in California spend more time on work than men, once unpaid childcare and household work in the home is added to the time spent in paid employment.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    		 0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    		 Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    		 Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    		 Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green