This study aims to uncover trends in the illegal trade of plants and wildlife (FSW) in Maluku during the 2020–2024 period and identify influencing factors. Data were obtained from the Maluku Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA) and community questionnaires in Ambon City and Bula City. The research method used descriptive and qualitative statistical analysis to uncover patterns of illegal trade and their impacts on biodiversity. The results showed a significant increase in cases of illicit trade from 25 cases (2020) to 61 cases (2024), with the dominant mode being cross-regional transportation. Bird species, especially parrots such as the Moluccan Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) and the Moluccan Lory (Eos bornea), dominated the trade (74.65%), followed by reptiles such as the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Interesting findings include the trade in animal parts, such as deer antlers and turtle eggs, which indicates an evolving threat to biodiversity. The main driving factors include economic motivation, market demand, weak supervision, and low public awareness. Law enforcement constraints such as limited personnel and technology also exacerbate the problem. Mitigation efforts undertaken by the Maluku Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), including patrols and outreach, have had a positive impact, but need to be strengthened with a holistic approach based on technology and community empowerment.