Abstract: Infection control practices are central to promoting patient safety and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in medical-surgical units. These units, due to their high patient turnover, invasive procedures, and complex clinical care, present unique challenges for infection prevention. Nurses, as key caregivers, play a pivotal role in implementing and maintaining infection prevention measures. This review provides a detailed discussion of evidence-based infection control strategies, including hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, environmental cleaning, waste management, personal protective equipment (PPE), surveillance systems, and antimicrobial stewardship. The article also highlights the significance of continuous education, organizational support, and technological innovations in achieving optimal infection prevention outcomes.