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Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Process as the Goal (PaC) Theory: Author's Response to 10 Key Doubts about the Socio-Economic Purpose of the Great Pyramids of Egypt

Authors: Krzysztoń, Jacek;

Process as the Goal (PaC) Theory: Author's Response to 10 Key Doubts about the Socio-Economic Purpose of the Great Pyramids of Egypt

Abstract

Overview: This polemical preprint publicly "stress-tests" the author's socio-economic interpretation of the Great Pyramids – "Process as the Goal" (PaC). Anticipating potential criticism, the author identifies 10 key doubts likely to be raised by skeptics and provides evidence-based answers to each. Central Claim: The central claim is a reversal of the traditional hierarchy, positing that the primary goal was not the finished pyramid, but the construction process itself. This process functioned as a deliberately planned, state-driven tool for executing a national economic development strategy, maintaining an extensive social welfare program, and integrating society after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Key Issues Addressed:1) Resolving the "efficiency paradox."2) The issue of anachronism in applying modern economic and psychological analogies.3) Symbolic tombs of the 4th Dynasty: argumentation based on converging evidence (the Hetepheres precedent, absence of inscriptions, the state of research on micro-traces).4) The role of religion as a legitimizing "operating system."5) Methods for measuring intangible social benefits (stability, integration).6) The reasons for the phasing out of the pyramid-building program as proof of its success (strategic maturity).7) The resilience of the PaC theory even assuming the pyramids were actual tombs.8) The theory's methodology: a hypothetico-deductive approach.9) Avoiding the false religion-vs-economy dichotomy through a hierarchy of causality.10) Why pragmatic state objectives rarely appear in official, public narratives. Position in the series: This paper supplements and continues the author’s prior Zenodo preprints that introduce, expand, and empirically reinforce the PaC model. It is intended to invite rigorous scholarly debate and make the internal logic and resilience of the model transparent. Related works:– Krzysztoń, J. (2025). The Great Pyramids of Egypt – Tombs or Primarily a Socio-Economic Development Project? DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15858488– Krzysztoń, J. (2025). 30 Pieces of Evidence Supporting Jacek Krzysztoń’s Theory on the Socio-Economic Purpose Behind the Building of the Great Pyramids in Egypt. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16732277– Krzysztoń, J. (2025). Why Did Ancient Egypt Stop Building Great Pyramids – The Evolution of a Tool of Power and Economy. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15979657

Keywords

古埃及第四王朝, Religion and Psychology, Symbolism, Giza, Public Works, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Culture, Intangible Benefits, Efficiency, Efficiency, Organizational, Stress-test, Hypothetico-deductive method, Resource Redistribution, Ancient Economy, (MeSH) Evaluation Studies as Topic, Pyramid Construction, Evaluation, Social Welfare/history, Social Welfare/psychology, Social welfare, ギザのピラミッド, Religion vs Economy Dichotomy, Public Assistance/economics, State Integration, Response to Objections, 质疑与回应, Cost-benefit analysis, PaC Model, Public Assistance, Egyptology, Public Assistance/history, Theory Resilience, 考古学的理論, Religion, Archaeology, Research Design, 社会凝聚力, 公共事業の役割, Religions, Egypt, Labor Organization, 过程即目标, Anachronism, 假说演绎法, プロセス重視, Heuristic Analysis, Social Welfare, Khufu, Pyramids, Academic Polemics, 仮説演繹法, Social Welfare/ethics, Logic, Cost-benefit, 効率性のパラドックス, Freedom of Religion/history, Cognitive Bias, Socio-Economic Theory, 宗教的動機, Religion/history, Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics, Social Engineering, Cost-Benefit Analysis/history, Social Behavior/history, Jacek Krzysztoń, Social Behavior, Process as the Goal, 理论验证, 杰克·克日什托, Public Assistance/classification, Motivation, Social Welfare/classification, Traditional culture, Research, Social Welfare/trends, Research/history, Motivation of administrative acts, Organizational Culture, Group Processes, Causality Hierarchy, 学术辩论, パラダイムシフト, (MeSH) Models, Theoretical, Social Welfare/economics, 效率悖论, Culture (society), Efficiency Paradox, Megaprojects, 社会統合, Research Design/trends, 宗教与经济, 反論, Cost-Benefit Analysis/classification

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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