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World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Salary Prediction Using TF-IDF and Ensemble Machine Learning: A Lightweight and Interpretable Approach

Authors: Pisolla, Anil; Moghul, Sameer Baig; Gaddam, Triveni; Iyengar, N Ch Sriman Narayana;

Salary Prediction Using TF-IDF and Ensemble Machine Learning: A Lightweight and Interpretable Approach

Abstract

Salary prediction is not just a number, it’s a decision-maker for job seekers, employers, and HR teams, shaping expectations and negotiations. Traditional models rely on structured data like job titles, experience levels, and locations, but overlook job descriptions, where real insights hide—skills, responsibilities, and industry-specific language. This study bridges that gap, combining structured and unstructured data for a more intuitive model. TF-IDF extracts key terms, assigning weights to highlight critical information, while structured data undergoes preprocessing through one-hot encoding and feature scaling. An ensemble learning approach strengthens predictions—Random Forest captures patterns, XGBoost refines them, and Linear Regression serves as a baseline. A meta-model, like Logistic Regression, optimally weighs predictions, enhancing accuracy. Evaluated through Accuracy, Macro Average F1-score, and Weighted Average F1-score, the model outperforms standalone approaches, achieving superior classification performance. The results demonstrate that integrating TF-IDF with ensemble learning provides a more accurate, scalable, and interpretable salary prediction system, ready for real-world applications.

Keywords

Machine Learning, Salary Prediction, TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency), Ensemble Learning

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold