This comprehensive framework for managing transactional integrity in distributed cloud environments supports high-volume e-commerce operations across multiple regions. The challenges posed by system failures in deployments where transactions span payment gateways, inventory systems, and fulfillment services require innovative solutions. The proposed architecture combines adaptive consistency models with event-sourcing patterns to maintain transaction guarantees during network partitions and regional outages. A modified saga pattern with compensation transactions preserves the logical atomicity of distributed operations while avoiding the limitations of traditional two-phase commits. Experimental evaluations conducted on a simulated global e-commerce platform demonstrate significant improvements in recovery time, transaction throughput during degraded operations, and overall system availability. These findings highlight the effectiveness of fault-tolerant transaction management in maintaining customer trust through consistent transaction processing while enabling the scalability required for seasonal demand fluctuations in modern e-commerce environments.