Together with the metaphysical idea of national identity, the notion of historical consciousness plays a decisive role in the philosophy of history. From these coordinates, it is established that historical consciousness is an existential ontological condition in which individuals and communities interact idyllically with their history to build horizons of meaning and unity, beyond differences, in their present. Precisely for these reasons, the objective of this research is to explain the ontological bases of Ukraine's national identity in the construction of its historical process. To achieve this objective, a hermeneutic methodology was used, closely linked to the critique of sources and the history of political ideas. The conclusions argue that Ukraine's resistance involves a process of reaffirming its national identity, which entails both the rejection of imposed identities and the creation of new horizons of meaning based on democratic and Western European values. Thus, this transformation shows that Ukrainian national identity has a creative capacity that allows it to reinvent itself without sacrificing its historical essence in the most complex situations, both past and present.