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Shariah-Compliant Financial Services for Hajj and Umrah: Products, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations

Authors: Zahiduzzaman Zahid; Md. Shahed Alamm; Md. Abu Yousuf; Munshi Md Ashfaqul Alam; Md. Aminul Islam; Md. Mohi Uddin; Muhammad Masud Parves; +1 Authors

Shariah-Compliant Financial Services for Hajj and Umrah: Products, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Hajj and Umrah represent profound religious obligations for Muslims worldwide, yet escalating costs due to inflation, travel expenses, and post-COVID regulations have rendered them financially inaccessible for many, particularly low-income individuals in regions like Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. This study explores Shariah-compliant financial services—such as Murabaha (cost-plus financing), Mudarabah (profit-sharing), Takaful (Islamic insurance), and savings plans—as viable solutions to enhance affordability and inclusivity. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including regression analysis, hypothetical simulations, surveys of 500 pilgrims, and interviews with 20 experts from Islamic financial institutions, the research evaluates product effectiveness, accessibility, and challenges. Findings reveal Murabaha as the most adopted and effective model, reducing financial burden by up to 3.8% through structured repayments, while Takaful provides essential risk protection but minimal cost savings (0.6%), and Mudarabah remains underutilized due to complexity. Key barriers include low financial literacy, regulatory gaps, and fraud, mitigated by technological innovations like the Nusuk app and blockchain. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting financial education, subsidizing low-income pilgrims, and leveraging digital platforms to foster equitable access. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a sustainable, ethical Islamic finance ecosystem to enable all Muslims to fulfill their pilgrimage duties.

Keywords

Shariah-compliant finance, Hajj financing, Umrah accessibility, Murabaha, Mudarabah, Takaful, Islamic insurance, pilgrimage costs, financial literacy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green