Modern educational technology, as a core driving force for educational reform, plays a pivotal role in optimizing teaching processes and enhancing learning effectiveness. This paper systematically examines the evolution, current application status, influencing factors of teaching effectiveness, countermeasures, and future trends of modern educational technology. It first sorts out the development course of modern educational technology at home and abroad, then analyzes its multi-dimensional applications in teaching (e.g., multimedia teaching, online teaching, distance education, and virtual reality-based teaching) and its transformative impact on traditional educational models. Furthermore, focusing on the teaching practice of Modern Educational Technology—a compulsory course for normal university students—this paper explores factors that hinder teaching effectiveness, such as outdated teaching materials, inadequate teaching strategies, and insufficient student attention, and proposes corresponding solutions. Finally, it forecasts the future development direction of modern educational technology, emphasizing its trends toward intelligence, personalization, and integration, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the high-quality development of educational technology applications.