Rapid urbanization and climate change have intensified environmental and infrastructural challenges in Nigerian cities, necessitating strategies that integrate sustainability and resilience in urban development. This paper examines the concept of urban sustainability and resilient architecture, highlighting their interdependence in creating environmentally responsible and disaster-adaptive cities. Drawing on secondary data from scholarly articles, policy documents, and global case studies, the study analyzes key sustainability indicators, architectural resilience principles, and best practices applicable to the Nigerian context. Findings reveal significant gaps between policy and implementation, with weak enforcement of building codes, inadequate green infrastructure, and limited adoption of climate-responsive designs. Comparative insights from global examples such as Rotterdam and Singapore demonstrate adaptable strategies for Nigerian cities, including multifunctional water management systems and vertical greenery. The study concludes that integrating sustainability and resilience in architectural design and urban planning is crucial to addressing Nigeria’s urban vulnerabilities and advancing Sustainable Development Goal 11. Recommendations include policy reforms, community participation, innovative financing, and incorporation of indigenous building techniques to foster future-ready urban environments.