Workplace environments play a significant role in shaping human attention, cognitive performance, and overall productivity. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, the design and characteristics of a workspace influence how individuals allocate attentional resources, manage cognitive load, and sustain mental performance. Drawing on Cognitive Load Theory, Selective Attention Theory, and Attention Restoration Theory, this paper examines how factors such as noise, lighting, color, and spatial layout affect concentration and cognitive efficiency. For instance, excessive background noise or visual distractions can increase extraneous cognitive load, while natural light and exposure to greenery may restore attentional capacity and reduce mental fatigue. Furthermore, the balance between open-plan designs and private work areas highlights the tension between collaboration and focused work. The findings suggest that applying principles of cognitive psychology to workplace design not only enhances concentration and task accuracy but also promotes well-being and long-term productivity. This theoretical approach provides implications for organizations seeking to optimize employee performance through evidence-based environmental interventions.