Data and code for reproducing figures and results for the manuscript entitled "Disentangling dispersion from mean reveals true heterogeneity-diversity relationships". Published in Nature Communications. See references for data sources. Code tested with Julia version 1.11.1. How to cite this repository If using code or data from this repository, please cite the original publication (Pellett and Valbuena, 2025) and respective data source (see references and README.txt in respective data folder). Update 2024-07-09 Minor changes to figure sizes and use of paired-sample t-tests when assessing empirical observations of heterogeneity measures. Update 2024-08-04 Step by step instructions included in README Manifest.toml file included with julia and package version requirements. Update 2024-11-18 Update following peer review feedback: Analysis of an additional dataset from MacArthurs' seminal paper on foliage height diversity. Hypothesis test of negligible trend for delta Modified extended data figures Update 2025-05-16 Update following second round of peer review feedback: Change to equation notation for figure 2 Additional script for simulation and review report figures Update 2025-09-29 Figure text size adjustments after final round of peer review and editor requests.