Abstract: Child abuse remains one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide, with devastating consequences for children’s immediate safety and long-term well-being. It manifests in various forms, including physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect, all of which compromise children’s health, development, and overall quality of life. Pediatric nurses, due to their continuous contact with children and families, are in a unique position to detect early warning signs of abuse and initiate protective measures through proper reporting. Their role extends beyond basic clinical care, encompassing responsibilities such as observation, advocacy, education, documentation, and collaboration with multidisciplinary child protection teams. However, challenges such as lack of training, fear of misdiagnosis, cultural barriers, and ethical dilemmas often hinder effective recognition and reporting. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of pediatric nurses in child abuse recognition and reporting. It elaborates on the types and indicators of abuse, barriers to identification, the legal and ethical frameworks governing reporting, and strategies for training and competence-building. The review underscores that pediatric nurses, when adequately supported with knowledge, skills, and institutional backing, can play a transformative role in protecting vulnerable children and ensuring their right to a safe and nurturing environment.