Optimization algorithms are important tools for solving complex function optimization problems. This paper proposes a heuristic optimization algorithm based on the behavioral characteristics of camels—the Camel-Inspired Optimization Algorithm (COA). This algorithm leverages the behavioral characteristics of camels in the desert, such as water seeking, energy storage, migration, and risk management, and abstracts these characteristics into a search strategy, including hump energy regulation, desert path memory, group migration, and an energy-risk balance mechanism. Through mathematical modeling and algorithm design, this paper describes in detail each mechanism and its role in the optimization process. The algorithm features adaptive search, memory guidance, group collaboration, and risk management, and can be applied to multidimensional and multimodal function optimization problems. This paper systematically explains the theoretical design of the algorithm, providing a complete foundation for subsequent applications and experimental research.