Climate change presents escalating risks to rural communities in Uganda, where institutional readiness and adaptive capacity remain uneven. This study examines how capacity building strategies—anchored in knowledge transfer mechanisms—shape the implementation of climate programs in Rukungiri District. Using a mixed-methods design that integrates survey data, key informant interviews, and document analysis, the research evaluates the effectiveness of training initiatives, stakeholder engagement, and localized knowledge dissemination. Findings reveal that while capacity building improves technical competencies and coordination, its impact depends on the relevance, accessibility, and contextual integration of transferred knowledge. The study identifies gaps in strategic alignment between national climate policies and local implementation frameworks. Grounded in Actor-Network Theory and Policy Implementation Theory, the paper offers actionable insights for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to strengthen climate governance in vulnerable rural settings.