The investment climate is one of the decisive factors influencing the competitiveness and sustainable growth of national economies. In recent years, Uzbekistan has undertaken extensive reforms aimed at liberalizing its economy, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and modernizing financial institutions. This paper examines the development of Uzbekistan’s investment climate and provides a comprehensive analysis of modern mechanisms for financing investment projects. Particular attention is paid to government reforms, the role of international financial institutions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and innovative financial instruments such as project financing, green bonds, and venture capital. The study concludes that the success of investment policy depends on improving institutional frameworks, ensuring financial security, and strengthening investor confidence. Practical recommendations are offered to expand financing opportunities for both domestic and foreign investors in Uzbekistan’s rapidly transforming economy.