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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Unbounded Ranking Capacity with Combinatorially-Expressive Retrieval

Authors: Akbar, Umair;

Unbounded Ranking Capacity with Combinatorially-Expressive Retrieval

Abstract

Combinatorially-Expressive Retrieval (CER) is a three-stage hybrid IR system—BM25 for high-recall lexical matching, ColBERTv2 for late-interaction semantic reranking, and a cross-encoder for final judgment—combined via monotonic linear score fusion to preserve consensus orderings. The paper argues this design sidesteps the rank/sign-rank limits that cap single-vector dense retrievers, effectively yielding unbounded ranking capacity in theory and robust performance in practice. On the LIMIT benchmark, where strong dense models collapse (~10–15% Recall@10), CER reaches 97.4% Recall@100 and 96.4% Recall@2, while an optimized setup achieves ~0.37 s/query on a single Apple M4 Max—suggesting high accuracy without heavy infrastructure. The approach reframes retrieval: architectural hybridity, not ever-larger embeddings, is key for combinatorial queries and next-gen RAG.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average