This paper offers a clarifying framework for a fundamental question: why does therapy work when it works? It presents a new lens for understanding the therapeutic process, not as a mysterious healing art, but as a precise, computational act of "epistemological debugging." The core thesis is that psychological suffering is the logical output of flawed foundational beliefs, or "premises," which trap us in helplessness by annihilating our sense of agency. The only way to resolve this suffering is to systematically falsify these premises. This single, unifying principle reveals the common algorithm at the heart of all effective modalities—from CBT and DBT to Psychodynamic and Somatic therapies—and scales to illuminate not only individual suffering like addiction, but also institutional failures and the logic of collective atrocity. This work provides a formal theory, a set of falsifiable predictions, and a practical protocol for application, reframing our relationship to suffering. It is a guide to understanding the code that generates our psychological prisons and the process by which we can debug it to reclaim our freedom.